THERMODYNAMICS (GRADE 11)

 

Energy exists in many different forms. The different types of energy include light energy, heat energy, chemical energy, sound energy, etc.

Each form can be converted or changed into other forms.

For example, when you burn a piece of wood, the chemical energy stored in the wood changes to heat and light energy.

The branch of science which deals with the study of different forms of energy and the relationships between them is known as Thermodynamics.

 

TERMS USED IN THERMODYNAMICS:

     SYSTEM AND SURROUNDINGS

When a reaction occurs in a jar, everything inside the jar is the system and everything outside the jar is the surroundings.

 

                                  

 

The part of the universe which is kept under observation is known as the System and the remaining portion of the universe is called Surroundings.

 

 WORK

Work is said to be done when an object moves as a result of force (push or pull) applied to it.

              

                      

It is the product of force and distance (or displacement).

Work done= Force X Displacement

W= F X dl

The S.I. unit of work is Joules.

 

HEAT

It is a form of energy that can be exchanged between the system and the surroundings due to temperature difference (flowing from high temperature body to low temperature body).

 

                            

The S.I. unit of heat is also Joules.

 

STATE OF A SYSTEM

The state of a system means the condition of the system which is described in terms of observable properties like pressure, volume, temperature, etc.

 

“Con entusiasmo, todo es posible.”

“With enthusiasm, everything is possible.”